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c. T. WE-EELE'E.

FABRIC FOR NEEDLE WOVEN TAPESTRIBS.

No. 271,174. Patented Jan. Z3, 18813.

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(No Model.) 2 sheets-sheet 2. C. T. WHEELER.

lEEEEIG EOE NEEDLE WOVEN TAPESTEIES.

No. 271,174. Patented Jan. 23, 1883.

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lUNiTED STATES PATENT EEICE.

GANDAOE T. WHEELER, OF NET YORK, N. Y.

FABRIC FOR NEEDLE-WOVEN TAFES'VI'RIES.`

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 271,174, dated January 23, 1883. Application tiled March 27, 1882. (No model.) Patented in England March 14, 1882, No. 1,233.

.To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, OANDACE T. VI-IEELER, a citizen of the United States,.residing in the city, county, and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Fabric for Needle- Woven Tapestries; and l do hereby declare the following to be a sufiicientlyfull, clear, and exact description thereof to enable others skilledin the art to make and use the said invention.

The object of this invention is to provide a material to form a ground or support for needle-woven designs capable of receiving such designs between the woven threads and eX- hibiting them as apparently woven with the fabric in the loom, although actually inserted by hand with a needle or equivalent implement. A fabric of this kind is shownl with embroidery-threads combined therewith in Letters Patent granted to me November 2S, 1882, and numbered 268,332, to which reference may be had.

The nature of my invention consists in a fabric having a sot't or eompressible woof on its face displayed between fine warp-threads, which tine warp-threads pass alternately to the face and back of the fabric and bind the soft woot-threads over a series of intervening warpthreads, and also hold the Woof-threads ofthe back (which may be ofthe same or of different material from the front Woof-threads) against the intervening warp-threads. The proportions of the buck Woof-threads as compared with the Woof-threads of the face are such that the back woef-threads of the fabric are large and in close contact with each other, while the Woof-threads ofthe face are smaller and leave spaces or interstices between them susceptible l ot' receiving ornamental threads, to be introduced with a needle by hand, Without such ornamental threads protruding appreciably above the surface of the woven fabric.

I will now proceed to fully describe this invention particularly and exactly, referring in so doing to the drawings annexed and the letters of reference marked thereon,

Figure l shows a plan of the face or "right" side of the fabric or woven cloth; Fig. 2, a plan of the back or wrongJ side; Fig. 3, a section lengthwise onthe line X X in Figs. l and 2; Fig. 4, a section lengthwise on the line Y Y in Figs-1 and 2, and Fig.5 shows a transversesection on the lineZ Zin Fig.l. The several gures are drawn on an enlarged scale for the greater facility of distinguishing the several threads. Fig. 6 shows the working part ot' a loom adapted to weave such fabric, one side frame ot' the loom being omitted, so as to show the position ot' the working' parts and the several series ot' threads which enter into the fabric.

The same letters ot' reference apply to the same parts in the several figures.

A .and A' represent the soft or compressible Woof-threads of the face 5 B and B', the wooff threads of the back; O, the tight or straight warp-threads; D and D', the serpentine or binding threads of the warp. The threads C, forming the straight warp, pass in a straight line between the face Woof-threads, A and A', and the back Woof-threads, B and B', as shown in Fig. 4. The Woof-threads A of the face and the Woof-threads B ofthe back are held against the straight warp-threads C by the serpentine warp-threads D', and the Woof-threads A' of the face and B' ot' the back are held against the straight warpthreads C by the warpthrea'ds D, as shown in Fig. 3, the said warpthreads D and D'passing between the straight warp-threads C. The straight warp-threads G hold the woot-threads close to each otherin the direction of the length of the fabric, and

'impart rinness in that direction, and Vgive an effect of fullness to the woot-threads where they appear between the serpentine threads D and D'.

To produce this cloth a loom with two shuttles is used, one shuttle introducing the upper or face Woof-threads and the other the lower or back Woof-threads. Two beams are used, one supplying the straight warp and the other the serpentine warp threads, such looms as are used to produce the figured fabrics employed for upholstering, in which the figure is formed from the Woof-threads, and not by the warp-threads, being suitable for the purpose, when the jacquard or guring apparatus connected with the treadles or harness is detached and the heddles operated only by the treadles and cams on the shaft.

The essential workin g parts ofaloom adapted to weave this fabric are shown in Fig. 6, in which D2 represents the beam upon which the straight warp-threads C are wound; D3, the

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i beam on which the serpentine or binding threads of warp are wound; E, the cloth-roll; F, the lathe or sley carrying the reed F', and recprocated by the crank G on the drivingshatt G by the connectingrod G2. H is the harness, consisting of two series of treadles, -H' and H2, connected above by straps H2, passing over rollers H4, and connected below to and 'operated by treadles J and J ',Worked by cams K and K' on the cam-shaft L, which is driven by spur-gear wheels M and N, so as to make one revolution in the same time as the main driving or crank shaft makes two revolutions. and O' are shuttles operated by a cani, l?, on the shaft L, moving levers Q and Q', the upper ends ot' which propel the shuttles 0 and O'. The levers Q and Q' reciprocate upon fulcrnms Q3 and Q4 laterally, orin a direction at right angles to the warp-threads,when the cam P strikes the lever-arm Q2. The connection between the upper ends ot' the levers Q and Q' is effected in the usual manner of connecting the picker-staff by a strap, Q2, having one end fastened to a slide in the shuttle-box and the other end yto the upper end of the lever Q or Q'. 'A second cam placed on the shaft L is employed to operate the lever or picker-staff of the opposite side of the loom, which cam has its boss or hub, as shown in the drawings, coincident with the hub ofthe cam P, and the projectinginger(marked P2,) which is the only portion visible in the'drawings, is set diametrically opposite on the shaft L to the finger of the cam P.

The warp C on the beam D2 is held tight by means of a strap, It, wrapped around the beam D2, tightened by a weight, S. Asimilar strap, R', wrapping upon the beam D3 and tightened by a weight, S', tightens the warps D and D not as tightly as the warp G.

The necessity for placing the warps D and D' on a separate beam from that carrying the warp (l arises from the fact that the binding or serpentine warps D and D are longer than the straight warps C, and must be supplied faster.

The cloth as woven is wound upon the clothroll F by means of a ratchet-wheel and pawl in the manner usually practiced in ordinary looms. rlhe usual bars and rails, T and U, support the warps and cloth.

The operation of the loom in producing the fabric is as follows: The warp D' beingraised and warp D depressed, the shuttle 0 passes between the warp C and the warp D', and at the same time the shuttle O' passes between the warp C and the warp D, leaving woofthreads A and A' in their track, and the lathe and reed push the Woof-threads thus placed backward toward the cloth-roll. rIhe warp D' is next depressed and the warp D raised, and the shuttles 0 and O' retrace their paths, leaving in them the Woof-threads A and A', and the reed and lathe press them vhome toward the woef-threads previously deposited, and these operations are repeated in the same order, and the fabric is thus formed, the clothroll being turned slowly, 'so as to wind the fabric on it as it is produced, and the beams D2 and D3 unwinding the warp-threads G and D and D' as they are required. The woofthreads of the face are of yielding material and smaller thanthose of theback, which are tightly woven as compared with the face. Thewoof-threads are sufficiently compressible to permit of the introduction of threads under the loops of the serpentine threads D and D' and over the face of the woef-threads A, so that by either wholly or partially covering these woot-threads with ornamental threads, parallel thereto, thus introduced, designs can be produced which, not being perceptibly prominent and being crossed at regular intervals by the loops of the threads D and D', appear as though they were a component part ot' the loom-woveny fabric.

rIlhe loom described in this specification does not form any portion of this invention, such description being introduced solely for the purpose of showing the manner in which the fahric that constitutes my invention is produced.

I am aware that fabrics having figuring woofthreads held against straight central warpthreads by binding or serpentine warp-threads have been made. In such fabrics the same woef-threads appear at intervals in the face and back, and they are not adapted to the uses for which my invention is designed-first, because they do not present the requisite interstices of the face to receive ornamental IOO threads without protrusion thereof; second,

because the difference in color or material of the two or more sets of figuring Woof-threads defeats the effect of uniform ground for artistic effect, and third, because the points where the figuring Woof-threads pass from the front to the back of the fabric change the arrange-- ment of crossing warp-threads so as to interrupt the regular intervals or spaces between such warp-threads on the face. Such fabrics containing figuring woef-threads are not a part of my invention, and are hereby disclaimed,

but

What I claim as my invention is- A new article of manufacture consisting essentially of a plain. woven fabric, canvas or cloth, having a closely-woven back of thick Woof-threads and an open or loosely-woven face of thinner Woof-threads, with interstices between the face woef-threads adapted to receive ornamental threads without appreciable protrusion, the said back and face woofthreads being held by a double series ofcrossing or binding warp-threads passing alternately from the face to the back ot' the fabric, and holding the woef-threads both of the face and back to an intermediate series of straight warpthreads, substantially as shown'and described.

GANDAGE T. WHEELER. Vitnesses:

HENRY C. WEEKS, W M. TnUsLow.

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